Bunge Mary B, Bunge RP and Ris H : Ultrastructural
Study of Remyelination in Experimental Lesion in Adult Cat Spinal Cord.
J Biophys Biochem Cyto 10:67-94, 1961.
This study was supported
by Grant B-1661 from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and
Blindness, United States Public Health Service; the Research Committee
of the University of Wisconsin from funds contributed by the Wisconsin
Alumni Research Foundation; and the Medical School Research Committee and
Department of Neurology at the University of Wisconsin.
An abstract of this
investigation has been published. (Dissertation Abstr., 1960, 21, 705)
This investigation was completed during tenure of postdoctoral fellowships.
Dr. Mary B. Bunge's fellowship was from the National Institute of Neurological
Diseases and Blindness, United States Public Health Service; Dr. Richard
P. Bunge's from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society.
Lesions were induced by cerebrospinal fluid
exchange.
An occasional myelin sheath is first seen
at 19 days; by 64 days, all axons are at least thinly myelinated.
These observations suggest that myelin
is reformed in the lesion in the same way it is first formed during normal
development.
The neurological condition of the experimental
animal begins to improve at a time when remyelination begins and has returned
to normal by the time most axons are at least thinly remyelinated. p81
Feigin I and Popoff N: Regeneration
of Myelin in Multiple Sclerosis. Neurol 16: 364-372, 1966.
Nerve fibers myelinated by peripheral
myelin were found within plaques in five cases of multiple sclerosis. These
fibers were present singly, in small clusters, and, occasionally, in large
groups. p364.
... did not exceed 10% of the number thought
to be demyelinated
... found only within plaques, not in
normal tissues ...
...remissions observed in many cases
in which no remyelination observed
[curious
- 4 of 5 cases of remyelination were women, while mostly men with
little or no regeneration of myelin,
in other 18 cases .... em]
The regeneration of myelin may play a role
in the clinical remissions of multiple sclerosis, but other factors [?em]
appear to be more important.
If ways were found to enhance the regeneration
observed in this study, a clinically useful purpose might be served.
Read how I found and applied this vital
information in an EXCERPT
from BLACK PATENT SHOES Dancing With
MS©
See
Recent research
Patten Bradley M (1958) Foundations
of Embryology. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. New York London Toronto.
[Text for embryology course I took when expecting JoAnn.]
Cerebrospinal Conduction Paths. p351
Phylogenetically these
[cerebrospinal] conduction paths in the peripheral part of the cord increase
in conspicuousness concomitantly with the increasing extent to 'which the
brain assumes a co-ordinating control over the basic reflexes which constitute
the primary function of the cord.
MY TRANSLATION
During development, the "white matter"
or myelin, in the motor part of the cord, develops as the brain assumes
control over basic reflexes.
In other words, attention to movement
promotes myelination.
Therefore it seemed reasonable to
me, that attenton to movement must also promote re - myelination.
em
Bunge RP (1968) Glial Cells and CNS
Myelin. Physiol Rev 48:197-251.
Myelin forms during fetal development,
and, in the adult.
Hirano A, Levine S and Zimmerman
HM (1968) Remyelination in the Central Nervous System after Cyanide Intoxication.
J Neuropath Exp Neurol 27:234-245.
By one week after demyelination [in adult
rats] we observed evidence of remyelination ... until recent years, the
possibility of remyelination in the central nervous system was questionable.
Recently however, several fine structural studies have established this
phenomenon beyond reasonable doubt. p235
Raine CS and Bornstein MB (1970)
EAE: A Light and Electron Microscopy Study of Remyelination and Sclerosis
in Vitro. J Neuropath Exp Neurol 29:552.
(Authors begin with credit to Bunge et
al (1961) for first description of remyelination in adult cats. Freund’s
complete adjuvant was used to produce total demyelination in living mice
embryo tissue cultures. Tissue fragments began to remyelinate after 8-10
days and process was well advanced by 18 days.
By three weeks, almost total remyelination.
Millar J HD (1971) Multiple Sclerosis:
A Disease Acquired in Childhood.
Charles C. Thomas. Springfield,
Illinois, U.S.A.
If there is a normal turnover of myelin
during development, then mechanisms must exist both to demyelinate and
remyelinate axons. p45.
Harrison BM, McDonald WI and Ochoa
J (1972) Remyelination in Central Diphtheria Toxin Lesion. J Neurol Sci
17:293-302.
... even the limited amount of remyelination
observed may be sufficient to restore transmission.
Although conduction would still be slow
in the thinly myelinated fibres, the return of the ability to conduct at
all is clearly a necessary first step in the recovery of function in damaged
pathways. p301.
Gledhill R, Harrison BM, MacDonald
WI (1973) Demyelination and Remyelination After Acute Spinal Cord Compression.
Exp Neurol 38:472-487.
Remyelination in cats commenced 7-21 days
after demyelination and majority of demyelinated fibres showed evidence
of remyelination by 1 month.
Ghatak NR, A Hirano, H Lijtmaer and
HA Zimmerman (1974) Asymptomatic Demyelinated Plaques in the Spinal Cord.
Arch Neurol 30:484-486.
Poor correlation between lesions and clinical
symptoms in MS ... extent of lesions in MS frequently far greater than
would be anticipated from the clinical assessment.
Ghatak NR, Leshner RT, Price AC and
Felton WL (1989) Remyelination in the human nervous system. J Neuropath
Exp Neurol 48(5):507-518.
Thinly myelinated axons play role in continuous
conduction ... flu like ...substantial remyelination possible in MS.
Remyelination is often considered as a possible explanation for remission
in MS. To our knowledge, clinically significant functional recovery as
a result of remyelination has not been documented in humans.
BDJ Miller, K Asakura and M Rodriguez
(1995) Experimental Strategies to Promote Central Nervous System Remyelination
in Multiple Sclerosis: Insights Gained From the Theiler’s Virus
Model System. Mini-Review. J Neurosci Res 41:291-296.
Remyelination is a normal physiological
response to myelin damage ... central issue in CNS repair in MS is not
whether remyelination occurs, but rather can we determine therapies
to stimulate myelin repair [my italics ...].
Duprez Theirry, Grandin C and Conrad
G (1995) Reversal of multiple spinal MS lesions at MRI: An uncommon observation.
Acta Neurol (Bel) 95:244-246.
This paper illustrates disappearance of
numerous spinal lesions while brain lesions increased dramatically. Their
literature review found that reversal of lesions in spinal cord reported
only once, while reversal of brain lesions commonly observed. Authors question
whether disease has different characteristics in the brain and spinal cord!
[Perhaps more than two articles should be reviewed.em]
Selye Hans (1964) From Dream to Discovery:
On Being a Scientist. McGraw-Hill
New York, Toronto, London. Selye's description of how life events
and personal thoughts have influenced his career in research.
Freedman Paul (1950) The Principles of
Scientific Research. Public Affairs Press, Washington, D.C. p33.
Freedman Paul (1950) The Principles
of Scientific Research, Public Affairs Press, Washington D.C. p33. An
initiation into the principles of scientific research that are essential
to promotion, rather than hindrance of discovery of facts.
